Plantar fasciitis, or "heel spur" syndrome, is an inflammation of the plantar fascia, a band of dense fibrous tissue that extends along the bottom of the foot from the heel to the toe. It is one of the most common foot injuries among runners.

The pain of plantar fasciitis is most intense along the inside bottom of the heel but may spread along the bottom of the entire foot. There may also be swelling. Pain is most noticeable after getting out of bed in the morning or after sitting for a time.

Chronic cases of plantar fasciitis may lead to heel spur, a bony growth at the point where the plantar fascia is attached to the heel. Although a bone spur may be present, the inflammation, not the spur, causes symptoms.

Plantar fasciitis is often an overuse injury that strikes beginning athletes or those who increase their level of training too fast. It may also be caused by running on hard surfaces, such as concrete. Those with extremely high arches are more prone to plantar fasciitis.

The risk of getting plantar fasciitis can be lowered by running on a level, dirt surface or running track, wearing properly fitted, well-cushioned shoes with arch supports, and increasing training gradually.

The following treatments should help relieve plantar fasciitis:

   •  Rest the bottom of the foot on an ice pack, but not longer than 20 minutes to an hour

   •  Massage and stretching

   •  Properly tape the foot

   •  Keep weight off the injured foot as much as possible

   •  Train less vigorously

   •  If necessary, use a heel cushion, arch support, or other orthotic devices

If pain is severe, stop running completely and seek medical attention. One other possible causes of heel or foot pain are ruled out, your healthcare provider may recommend cortisone injections, ultrasound treatment, or in stubborn cases, surgery.